First of all, we review the history of the papacy from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. It is the period in which the papal Catholic Church fought the height of the conflict with itself before this resulted in a happy event: which is the reconciliation of Christianity with modernity after a long fight and conflict. Thus, the Christian Church moved from the stage of absolute rejection of modernity in 1864 to the stage of accepting it in 1965. During only one century, things and things occurred and “water took place from under bridges”, says the French proverb. To clarify all these things, let’s go back a little. In 1864, Pope Pius, the ninth, issued his famous message in which the modern ages condemned the altogether and in detail. He condemned its alleged mistakes such as rationalism, liberalism, socialism, freedom of conscience and belief, freedom of religiosity or non -religiosity: that is, freedom to adhere to Christian rituals and rituals or not adhere to them at all.
In short, this extremist fundamentalist Pope condemned the entirety of its entirety and considered it a frank infidel after disbelief. What do the leaders of Islamic fundamentalism do today? What do the prevailing anti -revolutionary revolutions in the Arab world do? The dark reactionary revolutions that resulted from what is called the Arab Spring? But the Vatican now gave up all these atonement fatwas. It has changed, developed and renewed. Let’s get into the details more. It should be noted that the great theological fatwa that prevailed in the Middle Ages in Europe was saying what it was: “outside the Holy Catholic Church, the Holy Roman, there is no survival in the hereafter and no pleasure with God.” This means that they were atonement for all other religions, except for Christianity. And even within the same Christianity, they disbelieved all other schools of thought except for the Vatican Pontifical Catholic doctrine, which represents the majority or numerical majority. Therefore, this doctrine considered itself as the only surviving group in Christianity. Thus, everything other than them is infidels. This atonement was directed against the Protestant doctrine in the first place.
The matter remained in this way for centuries and centuries until the enlightening editorial church complex, famous for the second Vatican between 1962-1965, was held. It has formed a real aological revolution within Catholic Christianity. Therefore, some considered it the most important historical event that takes place in the entire twentieth century. The Vatican then admitted and reconciled with other Christian doctrines after a long atonement, heresy and contempt. He put an end to the wars of sects and Christian sects in Europe. He also put an end to the saying of the only surviving group within Christianity. All the teams survived, provided that you believe in intentions and improve business. Religion is a multiple and different aspects and its interpretations. There are many ways that lead to God, not one way. In the end, religion is God and the homeland for everyone. Indeed, all the good people active for good are from the surviving division, whatever their religions and doctrines, or even if they are outside the scope of all religions and sects.
Here lies the difference between medieval mindset and the mentality of modern ages. Here lies the rupture of modernity or the shift of modernity, which is still difficult for us Arabs and Muslims to this day. Indeed, the second Vatican Complex recognized the legitimacy of other Christian religions, the forefront of which is Islam: the historical enemy. This was a great majesty. The statement said in his final statement what it means: We respect Muslims and appreciate their faith in God and the Last Day, and we want to fold the painful black page with them permanently, and open a new page … etc. Who believes that? This means that even the most firm and permanent theological constants can be developed or changed if necessary. Even the takfiri fatwas can be overcome, but in the developed world, and we do not have very unfortunately. Then the great editorial and enlightenment complex admitted the Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Rather, he opened an office for dialogue with the “non -believers” or the non -religious, and they are most of the Western population. They do not believe in traditional beliefs, but they believe in the values of modern secular enlightening philosophy founded by Kant, for example.
There is a wide faith in the capacity of the universe and not limited to a specific religion or a specific doctrine. It is “faith without limits”, so to speak. For example, Ibn Arabi was of this kind. He was a believer in Islam and considered him the best religions, but his heart or mind was also accommodating other religions. He did not atone or disbelieve it on the contrary. It was taking from every religion its essence or its supreme spiritual and moral values. Religion in this sense is one for all humanity. There is a common ethical nucleus among all major religions: do not kill, do not steal, do not lie … etc. Ten Commandments … We in the Arab world are the most needed to be this wide view of religion and religiosity. This is in order to get out of our disbelieving fanatics in the followers of other religions. In this regard, we should commend all praise by building a tall edifice of the three Abrahamic religions in Abu Dhabi. It is an unprecedented event in the Arab world.
Thus, the second Vatican Council recognized the freedom of conscience and belief for the first time in the history of Christianity. In the sense that you have the right to condemn or not condemn, to perform or not Christian rituals and rituals, yet you remain a person with full dignity and rights. This is completely compatible with the Holy Quran. It came in the wise remembrance: Whoever wants, let him believe and whoever wants, let him disbelieve. And he said: Do you hate people so that they are believers? And it came: There is no compulsion in religion. But all of our fundamentalist current currently is based on coercion in religion! So where are we from that religious openness to the second Vatican ecclesiastical complex? Where are we from the verses of the Noble Qur’an? Hehe. This openness is what is called tolerance or religious freedom. Why did the priests of Christianity and its favors all this theological revolution in 1965, that is, exactly sixty years ago? Because they found that the path of modernity is eventually blocked. They realized that if they continued on their old, spaming position on enlightening modernity, they will marginalize them and marginalize the whole religion with them. Indeed, the enlightened European peoples had begun to go away from Christianity for regiments due to the church’s strict positions and its hostilities for philosophical, scientific and political modernity. Consequently, it was the intelligence of the church to carry out this renewable theological revolution. Christianity regained its luster and its attractiveness after that and is no longer alienated for the European man. In this way, the image of Rome and the Vatican has become very positive and bright after it was negative throughout the nineteenth century until the mid -twentieth century. The credit for this is due to the emergence of the largest doors open to the spirit of modern ages and their invaluable gains. But with the refusal of its stages, negatives and deviations.
These adorned great popes apologized for the past of the Church that is anti -philosophy and scientific statements. In 1992, Pope Paul II apologized for the Church’s trial for Galileo and her intimidation in 1633. In 1997, he also apologized for the Saint Bartelimi massacre against the Protestant “our brothers”. It is the terrible massacre that took place in Paris on August 26 in 1572. It is true that this apology came very late: that is, after more than four centuries! But Pope’s Catholic’s apology, despite his delay, gave a wonderful positive image of the Catholic Church and the Saddis of the Protestants. Indeed, the Church recently retreated from Darwin’s condemnation and famous theory of development. She held a huge scientific conference in the Vatican to conduct reconciliation between the Christian faith and the theory of Darwin, etc., etc. Who said that the development in the field of religious affairs is impossible? Who said that the fatwa of the Takfiri Middle Ages represent the nation’s principles and will continue to control our neck forever?
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